Carbureter.



C. H. CLAUDEL.

UARBURBTBB..

APPLIOATION Hum Ammo, 1907.

Patented sept. 16,1913.

Fig. ,3.

ha Mmmm". D c.

UNITED STATES @TENT onirica.l

Speoioaton of Lettersl `Patent.

Application filled April 20, 1907. Serial No. 369,378.

To all whom it may concern:

Be ithnown that I, CHARLES HENRI CLAUDEL, acitizen' of the Republic of France, residing at 11 Rue de Berri, Paris, in the Republic of France, engineer, have, invented cert-ain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to carbureters of the type comprising a carbureting chamber' having a variable outlet port or throttle, a variable pure air inlet port,and means for delivering preferably heated l-iquid fuel to a point betwec .i the two ports at a rate dependent upon the degree of vacuum produced atsuch point of delivery, by the pumping action of the engine.

The invention relates more particularly to the special class of the type of carbureters thus defined, in which the throttle and air valves are slides rigidly connected t'o move one part, in fact, as the plug of a simple plug cock in the preferred form, so that i the set of the air lslide is solely dependent upon the set given to the throttle; and the object of the inventionis to secure the de.

sirable nnequally varying series of air port areas which correspond to a given uniformly varying'series of throttle areas without necessitatmg any change in the'uniform rate of speed of the. two connected slides.

Tothis' end thc invention consists in securing variations in the area of the air port,

exactly-similar to lsuch as might Abe produced 35,

by changes in speed ofthe air slide by means j, gif-suitable changes the shape of the inlet closing edges as compared' with the shape 4of the outlet closing ed es.

lio'

i n is 01a in. am are amener, U. s; Pat-f ent 771,492 .of 1904, for instance) tosecure ',a series of air inlet areas corresponding' to a differently varying series of mixture outlet. areas, by causingl two'f similar valves to "be moved atdiiierent rates byv what Willis in his "Principles. of4 Mechanism termsA a varying velocity ratio# mechanism l and the object ofthe present invention in` its broadest aspect'is to.. accomplish with two y, valves.

valves rigidly connectedas one,with a single valve of the plug valve type, forinstance,

what was thus heretofore done moreI or less perfectly ,by the use .of they twoseparate 4Devices suoli. as Parmenters j ust' referred to surely permit. of securing two desired air and the mventiomrtherefore,

Patented sepais, 1913. l

inlet areas corresponding to two given g the plotting of a valve is no morejdiiiicult i than the plotting of a cam. The Claudel valve itself may, in fact,'be considered as a cam, so perfectly suited to its urpose that it dispenses with all intermediate mechanism.

As a given area may have any desired.

shape, the invention permits of selecting a shape for the active or port closing edge of the air slide that will provide aradial passage for the lfuel jet; and that will also secure a desirable distribution of the air streams around the jet whenthe air port area is reduced to its minimum value.

While the invention as defined' above evidentlygermits of securing anyl desired correspon ing series of air port areas, with even more certainty than can b e done by means of mechanically connected valves t moving at. diierent rates, the shape shown soV t in the annexed/drawin acts to -retard c1osure of the a'i' valve intthe first stages of closure andto accelerate it inthe later stages (which stop short of full closure) while Athe outlet port area is decreased in arithmetical progression from full opening to. full closure; and this law of action is general;

A series of corresponding throttle and air port areas is determined experimentally, as well understood in the art, by the use of an 4independently movable throttle and an independently movable air valve to permit of finding' the air port values that secure the most satisfactory f operation of' the engine under the normal conditions of the test. The engine, however, will race moreo`r less above the normall speed for vwhich`it mayl be set by the throttle, whenever it meets with a relatively low resistance. This rac- -ing exerts al violent pumping action which vtends to produce an excessivel rich mixture, girther consists in providing automatic means for preventing the formation of such richer mixtures.

The positively acting, hand-for governor controlled, throttle and air slide, on the -one hand', and the automatic regulator for accidental higher speeds at all sets of the throttle', on the other hand, are thus seen to 'coiriperatein securing yapproximately con'- stant carburation; that is, coperate to ypreyent any variation in Carburation that mi ght be 1su'llioiently great to interfere with the `satisitactory operation of the engine under allv working conditions. Y l The invention', furthermore, consists in certainminor features, as will appear in the f(allowingl description and in the appended sans; r

IA",'itestedstructural embodiment of the invention in'which the two connected port controllingv slides are the diametrically opposite ends of the bore in a plain plug .cock

is shown 1n the accompanying drawings, where: l

Figure l' is a vertical section of plug and casing'in va plane perpendicular to the axis ofrotation of the plug; Fig. 2 is a section 0iline`2-2 of Fig. l, the bore of the plug beiligibrought back into vertical position; Figs and 4: are'diagrainmatic sections on 'the' lines 3-3' 'and 4-4 oit Fig. Il, respectively,- Y'howing the different torni of the two slide openings adapted to secure the desired ,differentially varying series ol port areas;

di Aerent angu a hated as port openings. space 'or'. chamber c, therefore,

and'lFig. 5 isa sectional v'icW showing a modified form. y

In the cylindrical cock casing a,vv"hich may beV of; any other form' having its inner slide Wall shaped as a surface ofrevolution,A is tted and adapted to revolve the correspondin lyshaped 4lug L) which is held in 'its r positions or `sets by hand,

governor.

oil-else automatically by the b constitutes the l'hefborcc of the plug niain Wall 'of the carbureting chamber Which r is thus seen to be a movable chamber adapted to be set at dillerent positions with relation toits stationary surrounding valve cas-l ingf. casing a, however, is stationary, and may equally "Well be referred to as the Wall 'or limitl of the carbureting s ace c," and, moreover, as a .port opening of t e kind herjefconsidered depends equally upon the shapeo'f both cooperating openings, it' will y'facilitate the comprehension of thisl invention to restrict the use of the term chamber to the confined space a itself, to callv openings in the Wall of casing a' portsz and the coperating openings in plug b slide openings; it being understood once for all that slide openings may also properly be desig- The carbureting has al circular pure' air inlet port e', .and a similar mixture outlet port f', both leading'through thevvall Lo1 casing a. The mixture outlet port f 1s controlled bythe circular outlet slide openingf, While air inlet port c iscontrolled by F 'and this reserve space,

'plained, above the norma for which it is setby throttle. rlhe racing is mounted eccentrically Loraine thevery diil'erentlyshaped inlet slide opening za-.- .The shape of the opening e is such, as beforeesplainedyasto reserve a certain. air inlet areavvhen the outlet istully closed,

as clearly seen in Fig. Lthis formed a diametral channel 'with enlarged pocket at its end. vThe diametral vchannel provides a space for leading the fuel iet azupithrough the air port e', into the carbureti'ng chamber c, and the en largcd. end or pocket provides a concentric distribution of entering air streams about the when the valve is in its positionoi greatest closure.I lAs longas the pocket of the diametral` channel remains covered by the 4wall of casing a, tively Wide, acts to retard closure materially, but not suiciently,1 and for this reason the lateral angular recesses R, R are provided as seen in Fig. -LL :These recessesv R, R are toi-mcd in apart of the air' slide that is covered yWhen 'the slide is in either extreme position, but that appears in the air port e when the air slide is moved from full open to extreme closed position. As aresult these recesses retard the first stages of the Vclosing action and. accelerate the later stages; that is, as compared ivith what closure would be if the air slide opening e were of vthe same shape as the outlet slide. The port openings maybe of any preferred form, and the slide openings that coperate with them may also be of any preferred forms; but, as `iust seen.l it is the differences in form of the outlet and inletportareas Whichfproduce the desired differential eiiects. 5

Above the injector al, Figs. l and 2, is ar'- ranged a baille g, which may be a plain rod as shown or formed off :any other suitableplane,conical, spherical orcyliiid'rical shape. This baille may be arranged in a fixed position relatively to the injector, in Which case it may be fixed. tothe injectoritselt, or mounted inthe axis ot the plug b, as shown :in Figs. 1 and 2; but a preferable construetion' is shown in Fig. 5,- Where the baille g on the plug b in be situated at a distance Jfrom the mouth of the j et when the chamber ois fully open andl to gradually move closer to the'jet in proportion to thevangular clos ing movement of the plug, While remaining directly opposite the jet throughout all its movements.` 'The carbureting chamber may also occasionally receive air through apertures?!l in plug bfroin the normally closed spring valve e', Which acts automatically; but only when the engine lmeets with a relatively low resistance and starts to race,` as before exl high or loiv speed such manner as to produces a violentv suction that raises the valve, and thus .checks excessive flow or" fuel While also admitting more air. The autothe channel, being relamatic air valve is tous seen 4to .admit more air as the engine speed rises above any nor- 'Inalfhigher low speed, while the,l positive air valve e provides' a relatively larger air .opening tor the lower normal speeds than for the higher normal speeds. lThe chamber j through ywhich the carbureting liquid passes on its way from the reservoir Z to the jet (l is surrounded by a heating chamber 7' whiclris traversed by'a current of hot exhaust gases or by .a stream oit' hot water supplied by the water circulation oitI the engine. This heating, by inereas ing 'vaporizatiom facilitates Carburation at 'low speed. i t

The evident advantages ot' the device are its si-njiplicity, strength, precision, and abeolute reliability, as the ratio of 'the two valve areas depends solely upon the angular set of V`a solid plug in its casing.

'Vhat I claim as my invention and desire to lsecure by lLetters Patent of the United l States, is:

1. The combination with a Carburetor comprising a carbureting chamber having anair inlet port and an opposite mixture .outlet port, and a. fuel inlet or jet with its fuel exit situated inside of such carbureting chamber betweentlie vsaid inletand outlet` ports, to deliver 'fuel at a point within Such chamber into the body of the fluid stream that rushes directly from said inlet port to said outlet poi-tand at a rate depending upon the degree ol vacuum created in such chan'iber by the pumping action oit the engine; of a slide having an air inlet opening and a mixture outlet opening corresponding, respec tively, to said'air inlet port and tofs-aid` Amixture outlet port and adapted to act as a combined air and mixture slide for Simul- 4 v taneously closing both oi said ports, said valve openings heilig so shaped' that the ratio of corresponding air port inlet and mixture outlet deeremcnts shall be smaller than unity in the first closing stages and then larger than unity in the later closing stages, but still sulliciently restrained to preserve a certain uncovered (meningl in the air inlet 4port when the mixture outlet port has inc-ved to tail closure.

2. T he combination 'with a carburetor coniprising a carbure Ving chamber having an air inlet port and an oppwite mixture outlet port, and a 'tuel inlet or jet withits fuel Aexit situated inside of such carbureting chamber between the said inlet and outlet ports, to deliver fuel at a point within such chamber into the body of the fluid stream that rushes directly from said inlet port to said outlet port and at a rate depending upon thedegree otvacumn created in such chamber by the pumping action ot the engine; oit a slide having an air inlet opening anda mixture outlet opening corresponding,

` 95 respectivelv. to said air inlet port and to said mixture outlet port andadapted to act as a combined air and mixture slide for simultaneously closing both of said ports; saidV air slide opening having marginal vacant surface elements which are covered by an edge of theair port wall when the said slide is in extreme open or closed position and which are uncovered while the slide being moved from one extreme position to the other. i

3. ln a carlmreter for internal combustion engines using liquid fuel, the combination of a shell or casing; a valve mounted therein, said valve being provided with an opening extending therethrough communicating at its opposite ends with a port extending to the motor and with a port opening to the atim ;spliere; a jet for the fuel to be vaporized 'extending into the opening Vformed in the valve; and a baille carried by said valve, the baille being located eccentrically to the axisI of the valvel whereby as the valve rotated to open the port which communicates with the motor the baille will be moved away from the mouth of the injector.

t. The combination with a. carburetor comprising a casing having an inside ehamber 'formed as a body oi revolution with an air inlet port and an opposite mixture outlet port :formed through such casing. and a jet for conveying liquid fuel to a point within such chamber at a rate dependent upon the degree o't vacuum created in such chambt/r by the pumping action ol an engine; of a plug adapted to lit: and turn in such ehamher and also having an internal chamber jwith inlet' and outlet openings adapted to register with the inlet and outlet ports of the said sul-rouudine casing: the outlri opening in said plug undthe two ports in 105 said caemg being .similar in outline, and the inlet opening in said plug heilig olf dillerent outline adapted to close the air port at a lower rate in ite initial closing movements and a higher rate in its linal closing movements than it would it made of the same outline as the other slide opening and ports, said final, closing' movements falling short of l'ull closure ol the air port when the said mixture outlet is practically closed to term 115 a finite air inlet, corresi'umdingto a practically infinitely small mixture outlet.

3. 'lhe combination with a carburetor comprising a Casin-g having an inside Achamy ber formed as a body ol revolution with'an 120 4air inlet port and an opposite mixture out letport toi-medv through such casing, and a jet lor couveving liquid fuel to a point within such chamber at a rate dependent upon the degree-oit' vacuum created in such 125 chamber by the pmnping action of an engine; ol a plug adapted to lit and turn in such chamber and also having an internal chamber with inlet and outlet openings adapted to register with the inlet and outlet .ponts the seid 'surrounding easing; tile outlet openingin' seid; plug and the two 'ports in seid casing being Similar inoutlne, and the inlet opening; in said plug being oi different outline adapted to close the air poi't et e lower rate in its initial closingmovements enfle, big-lier rete in its final dosing movements ilmn it Would if made oil the outline :is the other slide opening und ports, suidlinal closing movements falling sbort'o full closure of the air port when the said 'mixture outlet is practically closed to form a finite air inlet corresponding 'to a. practically infinitely small mixture outlet, such finite area being adapted to-ieseive u. radial air port ere-e oi' `channel foi' tli passage olf the fuel jet. (i. The Combination with; e carbure'ter comprising a, casing having en insicle oliembei' formeel ne e beely ef'i'evolution with en 4eil' inlet port enel i mixture outlet port formed through such cesingzend e jet for Conveying liquifl @fuel 'to a-point Within such l chamber at e `rete dependent upon the degree of vacuum created in such chamber by the pumping action of au engine; of e plug adapted. tofiit sind tun in such cham,-

bei' and.. elec neming ,an internal ohambei- 'with inlet and outlet openings arlapted to iegistef with tbe inlet ancl outlet ports of the seid Sui-rounding casing; the outlet opening in said 'plug and the two ports in yseni easing being similar in outline, and the inlet opening in said plug being of e clien ent outline adapted to form marginal recesees or vecencies in, the air slifle et points 'which aie'euvesfei by tbe 'well of seid casing when tbe Suid air inlet is in its extreme positions, but which are uncovered ae the Seid nii? slide is moved from. its extreme open.

'position to ite extreme closed position to Lotterie and also having en internal chamber, with inlet and outlet openlnge adapted to registei with the inlet .and outlet porte of tlenil'.

suiiounding casing; the outlet openirugiin seid plug und the tvv'o porte in said easing being similar '1n-outline, und the inlet open ing in said plug being of e dierent outline adapteu to form -niaginel recesses 'di meencies 1n theeir slide at "points Whicn are covered *by the' Well of seid casing wbentlie. seid air inlet is in its extreme positions.3 but which are uncovered es the said uit Slide is moved from its egitreme open posi.-

tion to its extreme closed .position to thus retard but not Wholly pileventthe closing ing, urtheimore, ornefl to reserve vece-n ci@ in partent' the aii slide surface that is unoveied in the extreme closed pos-:lilou oi the slide but that are covered by the Well 'otv the seid casing. in its extreme open po eition,

lnt'estimony vwlmneof l en my signature in presence oi two witnesses.

culmine nenni' @minnen 'Witnesses l G. Gnome D, B. ll/leeoim 

